Halloween Mr. Scary Pumpkin

0 39829 Medium

Using the Arduino Nano, Mr. Scary Pumpkin can move, groove and spook to the spirit of you!!

Halloween Mr. Scary Pumpkin

Things used in this project

Hardware components

HARDWARE LIST
1 SG90 Micro-servo motor
1 Ultrasonic Sensor - HC-SR04 (Generic)
1 Adafruit Circuit Playground Express
1 Arduino Nano R3

Hand tools and fabrication machines

 

3D Printer (generic)

 

Hot glue gun (generic)

Story

 

Programmable Mr. Scary Robot Kit for Kids and Adults

 

This is a creative and fun project to build for Halloween. It's great for kids and anyone who is learning how to build a robot.

 

Mr. Scary consist of high performance 9G servo motors. He can dance with two legs, and be programmed to change gestures and directions, such as alternating speed and moving its feet in different directions.

 

Features

 

Coding - You can learn how to code faster and easier by using Arduino coding program. Obstacle avoidance - with the Ultrasonic sensor, it can avoid obstacles Simple assemble - this educational robot is more easy for kids to assemble. Adafruit Circuit Playground Express- is a all-in-onedesign board that features processor,sensors, USB, and LEDs all around, which makes the pumpkin light up in the videos. 

This started off as a school project in NYADI.com Building this robot inspired me to create more fun and awesome robots. This is a great hobby for anyone who is interested in making their own robots and coding. Visit my page for farther information at: https://logic-queen.com/videos/

Schematics

 

Assembly of robot complete

icon diy_4-dof_robot_kit_user_manual_UqFcbEXDuS.zip 3.99MB Download(0)

Code

 

Dancing_pumpkin_project_entry_code.ino

Arduino

CODE
#include "VarSpeedServo.h"  //include the VarSpeedServo library
#include <NewPing.h>        //include the NewPing library


VarSpeedServo RU;  //Right Upper
VarSpeedServo RL;  //Right Lower
VarSpeedServo LU;  //Left Upper
VarSpeedServo LL;  //Left Lower

NewPing sonar(4,3,100); 
                                                     //vel(min), delay_Forward(max) = (5, 2000) 
const int vel = 40, vel_Back = 15;                   //vel(mid), delay_Forward(mid) = (20, 750) 
const int delay_Forward = 300, delay_Back = 750;     //vel(max), delay_Forward(min)= (256, 50)
                                                     //wonderful ---> (10, 700) (50, 500) (100, 100) (100, 300) (100, 500)

int vel_Dance1 = 30,    vel_Dance2 = 25,    vel_Dance3 = 40;     
int delay_Dance1 = 300, delay_Dance2 = 750, delay_Dance3 = 200;  

int vel_Dance4 = 40,    vel_Dance5 = 40,    vel_Dance6 = 30;
int delay_Dance4 = 400, delay_Dance5 = 400, delay_Dance6 = 500;

const int array_cal[4] = {90,90,90,90};    
int RU_Degree = 0, LU_Degree = array_cal[2] + 5;

const int num_dance4 = 20;      //in place somersault inwards and accelerate angles
const int array_dance4[num_dance4][4] =
{     
    {0,-20,0,20},   
    {0,0,0,0},
    {0,-20,0,20},
    {0,0,0,0},
     {0,0,0,0},
    {0,-20,0,20},
    {0,0,0,0},
    
    {0,-50,0,50},
    {0,0,0,0},    
   {0,-50,0,50},
    {0,0,0,0},    
    {0,-50,0,50},
    {0,0,0,0},    
    {0,-50,0,50},
    {0,0,0,0},
    
    {0,-40,0,40},
    {0,-50,0,50},
    {0,-60,0,60},
   {0,0,0,0,},
};
 void Dancing4()
{  
    for(int z=0; z<num_dance4; z++) {
        if ( z > 17) {
            vel_Dance4 = 10;
            delay_Dance4 = 1500;
            }
        else {
            vel_Dance4 = 40;
            delay_Dance4 = 400;
            }
                 
        RU.slowmove (array_cal[0] + array_dance4[z][0] , vel_Dance4);   
        RL.slowmove (array_cal[1] + array_dance4[z][1] , vel_Dance4);
        LU.slowmove (array_cal[2] + array_dance4[z][2] , vel_Dance4);
        LL.slowmove (array_cal[3] + array_dance4[z][3] , vel_Dance4);
        delay(delay_Dance4); 
    } 
}


#define INSTALL
#define CALIBRATION
#define RUN

void Servo_Init()
{
    RU.attach(9);   // Connect the signal wire of the upper-right servo to pin 9 
    RL.attach(10);   // Connect the signal wire of the lower-right servo to pin 10 
    LU.attach(11);   // Connect the signal wire of the upper-left  servo to pin 11 
    LL.attach(12);   // Connect the signal wire of the lower-left  servo to pin 12 
}

void Adjust()                            // Avoid the servo's fast spinning in initialization 
{                                        // RU,LU goes from array_cal[0] - 5 ,array_cal[2] + 5 degrees to array_cal[0],array_cal[2] degrees
    for(RU_Degree = array_cal[0] - 5; RU_Degree <= array_cal[0]; RU_Degree += 1) {
        RU.write(RU_Degree);             // in steps of 1 degree
        LU.write(LU_Degree--);           // tell servo to go to RU_Degreeition, LU_Degreeition in variable 'RU_Degree', 'LU_Degree'         
        delay(15);                       // waits 15ms for the servo to reach the RU_Degreeition
    }
}
/// *******************************************************************************ping********************************************************************************************
bool TooClose()
{
    int tooclose = 0;
    for(int a=0; a<30; a++) {  //////// a< Was 5
        delay(50);
        int din = sonar.ping_in();
        if (din < 7 && din > 0) tooclose++;
    }
//{
     if (tooclose < 5) return 0;    /// chnage 1 to 0
    return 1;  
    delay (15);////// changed 0 to 1    ///***********************************************************************************************************
     
    
}

  
void setup()  
{
#ifdef INSTALL
    Servo_Init();
  
    RU.slowmove (90 , vel);
    RL.slowmove (90 , vel);
    LU.slowmove (90 , vel);
    LL.slowmove (90 , vel);
    while(1);
#endif

#ifdef CALIBRATION 
    Servo_Init();  
    Adjust();
    
    RL.slowmove (array_cal[1] , vel);
    LL.slowmove (array_cal[3] , vel);
    delay(2000);
    while(1);
#endif

#ifdef RUN 
    Servo_Init();
    Adjust(); 
       
    RL.slowmove (array_cal[1] , vel);
    LL.slowmove (array_cal[3] , vel);
    delay(2000);
#endif
}

void loop() 
{   
   
    
    while(TooClose())
    Dancing4(); 
    delay(100);
     
     
}

VarSpeedServo(1).cpp

Arduino

CODE
/*
 Servo.cpp - Interrupt driven Servo library for Arduino using 16 bit timers- Version 2
 Copyright (c) 2009 Michael Margolis.  All right reserved.
 
 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 
 This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 Lesser General Public License for more details.
 
 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
 */

/*
  Function slowmove and supporting code added 2010 by Korman. Above limitations apply
  to all added code, except for the official maintainer of the Servo library. If he,
  and only he deems the enhancment a good idea to add to the official Servo library,
  he may add it without the requirement to name the author of the parts original to
  this version of the library.
*/

/*
  Updated 2013 by Philip van Allen (pva), 
  -- updated for Arduino 1.0 +
  -- consolidated slowmove into the write command (while keeping slowmove() for compatibility
     with Korman's version)
  -- added wait parameter to allow write command to block until move is complete
  -- added sequence playing ability to asynchronously move the servo through a series of positions, must be called in a loop

  A servo is activated by creating an instance of the Servo class passing the desired pin to the attach() method.
  The servos are pulsed in the background using the value most recently written using the write() method

  Note that analogWrite of PWM on pins associated with the timer are disabled when the first servo is attached.
  Timers are seized as needed in groups of 12 servos - 24 servos use two timers, 48 servos will use four.
  The sequence used to sieze timers is defined in timers.h

  The methods are:

   VarSpeedServo - Class for manipulating servo motors connected to Arduino pins.

   attach(pin )  - Attaches a servo motor to an i/o pin.
   attach(pin, min, max  ) - Attaches to a pin setting min and max values in microseconds
   default min is 544, max is 2400  
 
   write(value)     - Sets the servo angle in degrees.  (invalid angle that is valid as pulse in microseconds is treated as microseconds)
   write(value, speed) - speed varies the speed of the move to new position 0=full speed, 1-255 slower to faster
   write(value, speed, wait) - wait is a boolean that, if true, causes the function call to block until move is complete

   writeMicroseconds() - Sets the servo pulse width in microseconds 
   read()      - Gets the last written servo pulse width as an angle between 0 and 180. 
   readMicroseconds()  - Gets the last written servo pulse width in microseconds. (was read_us() in first release)
   attached()  - Returns true if there is a servo attached. 
   detach()    - Stops an attached servos from pulsing its i/o pin. 

   slowmove(value, speed) - The same as write(value, speed), retained for compatibility with Korman's version

   stop() - stops the servo at the current position

   sequencePlay(sequence, sequencePositions); // play a looping sequence starting at position 0
   sequencePlay(sequence, sequencePositions, loop, startPosition); // play sequence with number of positions, loop if true, start at position
   sequenceStop(); // stop sequence at current position

 */

#include <avr/interrupt.h>
#include <Arduino.h> // updated from WProgram.h to Arduino.h for Arduino 1.0+, pva

#include "VarSpeedServo.h"

#define usToTicks(_us)    (( clockCyclesPerMicrosecond()* _us) / 8)     // converts microseconds to tick (assumes prescale of 8)  // 12 Aug 2009
#define ticksToUs(_ticks) (( (unsigned)_ticks * 8)/ clockCyclesPerMicrosecond() ) // converts from ticks back to microseconds


#define TRIM_DURATION       2                               // compensation ticks to trim adjust for digitalWrite delays // 12 August 2009

//#define NBR_TIMERS        (MAX_SERVOS / SERVOS_PER_TIMER)

static servo_t servos[MAX_SERVOS];                          // static array of servo structures
static volatile int8_t Channel[_Nbr_16timers ];             // counter for the servo being pulsed for each timer (or -1 if refresh interval)

uint8_t ServoCount = 0;                                     // the total number of attached servos

// sequence vars

servoSequencePoint initSeq[] = {{0,100},{45,100}};

//sequence_t sequences[MAX_SEQUENCE];

// convenience macros
#define SERVO_INDEX_TO_TIMER(_servo_nbr) ((timer16_Sequence_t)(_servo_nbr / SERVOS_PER_TIMER)) // returns the timer controlling this servo
#define SERVO_INDEX_TO_CHANNEL(_servo_nbr) (_servo_nbr % SERVOS_PER_TIMER)       // returns the index of the servo on this timer
#define SERVO_INDEX(_timer,_channel)  ((_timer*SERVOS_PER_TIMER) + _channel)     // macro to access servo index by timer and channel
#define SERVO(_timer,_channel)  (servos[SERVO_INDEX(_timer,_channel)])            // macro to access servo class by timer and channel

#define SERVO_MIN() (MIN_PULSE_WIDTH - this->min * 4)  // minimum value in uS for this servo
#define SERVO_MAX() (MAX_PULSE_WIDTH - this->max * 4)  // maximum value in uS for this servo 

/************ static functions common to all instances ***********************/

static inline void handle_interrupts(timer16_Sequence_t timer, volatile uint16_t *TCNTn, volatile uint16_t* OCRnA)
{
  if( Channel[timer] < 0 )
    *TCNTn = 0; // channel set to -1 indicated that refresh interval completed so reset the timer 
  else{
    if( SERVO_INDEX(timer,Channel[timer]) < ServoCount && SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).Pin.isActive == true )  
      digitalWrite( SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).Pin.nbr,LOW); // pulse this channel low if activated   
  }

  Channel[timer]++;    // increment to the next channel
  if( SERVO_INDEX(timer,Channel[timer]) < ServoCount && Channel[timer] < SERVOS_PER_TIMER) {

	// Extension for slowmove
	if (SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).speed) {
		// Increment ticks by speed until we reach the target.
		// When the target is reached, speed is set to 0 to disable that code.
		if (SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).target > SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).ticks) {
			SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).ticks += SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).speed;
			if (SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).target <= SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).ticks) {
				SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).ticks = SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).target;
				SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).speed = 0;
			}
		}
		else {
			SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).ticks -= SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).speed;
			if (SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).target >= SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).ticks) {
				SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).ticks = SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).target;
				SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).speed = 0;
			}
		}
	}
	// End of Extension for slowmove

	// Todo
	
    *OCRnA = *TCNTn + SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).ticks;
    if(SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).Pin.isActive == true)     // check if activated
      digitalWrite( SERVO(timer,Channel[timer]).Pin.nbr,HIGH); // its an active channel so pulse it high   
  }  
  else { 
    // finished all channels so wait for the refresh period to expire before starting over 
    if( (unsigned)*TCNTn <  (usToTicks(REFRESH_INTERVAL) + 4) )  // allow a few ticks to ensure the next OCR1A not missed
      *OCRnA = (unsigned int)usToTicks(REFRESH_INTERVAL);  
    else 
      *OCRnA = *TCNTn + 4;  // at least REFRESH_INTERVAL has elapsed
    Channel[timer] = -1; // this will get incremented at the end of the refresh period to start again at the first channel
  }
}

#ifndef WIRING // Wiring pre-defines signal handlers so don't define any if compiling for the Wiring platform
// Interrupt handlers for Arduino 
#if defined(_useTimer1)
SIGNAL (TIMER1_COMPA_vect) 
{ 
  handle_interrupts(_timer1, &TCNT1, &OCR1A); 
}
#endif

#if defined(_useTimer3)
SIGNAL (TIMER3_COMPA_vect) 
{ 
  handle_interrupts(_timer3, &TCNT3, &OCR3A); 
}
#endif

#if defined(_useTimer4)
SIGNAL (TIMER4_COMPA_vect) 
{
  handle_interrupts(_timer4, &TCNT4, &OCR4A); 
}
#endif

#if defined(_useTimer5)
SIGNAL (TIMER5_COMPA_vect) 
{
  handle_interrupts(_timer5, &TCNT5, &OCR5A); 
}
#endif

#elif defined WIRING
// Interrupt handlers for Wiring 
#if defined(_useTimer1)
void Timer1Service() 
{ 
  handle_interrupts(_timer1, &TCNT1, &OCR1A); 
}
#endif
#if defined(_useTimer3)
void Timer3Service() 
{ 
  handle_interrupts(_timer3, &TCNT3, &OCR3A); 
}
#endif
#endif


static void initISR(timer16_Sequence_t timer)
{  
#if defined (_useTimer1)
  if(timer == _timer1) {
    TCCR1A = 0;             // normal counting mode 
    TCCR1B = _BV(CS11);     // set prescaler of 8 
    TCNT1 = 0;              // clear the timer count 
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega8__)|| defined(__AVR_ATmega128__)
    TIFR |= _BV(OCF1A);      // clear any pending interrupts; 
    TIMSK |=  _BV(OCIE1A) ;  // enable the output compare interrupt  
#else
    // here if not ATmega8 or ATmega128
    TIFR1 |= _BV(OCF1A);     // clear any pending interrupts; 
    TIMSK1 |=  _BV(OCIE1A) ; // enable the output compare interrupt 
#endif    
#if defined(WIRING)       
    timerAttach(TIMER1OUTCOMPAREA_INT, Timer1Service); 
#endif	
  } 
#endif  

#if defined (_useTimer3)
  if(timer == _timer3) {
    TCCR3A = 0;             // normal counting mode 
    TCCR3B = _BV(CS31);     // set prescaler of 8  
    TCNT3 = 0;              // clear the timer count 
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega128__)
    TIFR |= _BV(OCF3A);     // clear any pending interrupts;   
	ETIMSK |= _BV(OCIE3A);  // enable the output compare interrupt     
#else  
    TIFR3 = _BV(OCF3A);     // clear any pending interrupts; 
    TIMSK3 =  _BV(OCIE3A) ; // enable the output compare interrupt      
#endif
#if defined(WIRING)    
    timerAttach(TIMER3OUTCOMPAREA_INT, Timer3Service);  // for Wiring platform only	
#endif  
  }
#endif

#if defined (_useTimer4)
  if(timer == _timer4) {
    TCCR4A = 0;             // normal counting mode 
    TCCR4B = _BV(CS41);     // set prescaler of 8  
    TCNT4 = 0;              // clear the timer count 
    TIFR4 = _BV(OCF4A);     // clear any pending interrupts; 
    TIMSK4 =  _BV(OCIE4A) ; // enable the output compare interrupt
  }    
#endif

#if defined (_useTimer5)
  if(timer == _timer5) {
    TCCR5A = 0;             // normal counting mode 
    TCCR5B = _BV(CS51);     // set prescaler of 8  
    TCNT5 = 0;              // clear the timer count 
    TIFR5 = _BV(OCF5A);     // clear any pending interrupts; 
    TIMSK5 =  _BV(OCIE5A) ; // enable the output compare interrupt      
  }
#endif
} 

static void finISR(timer16_Sequence_t timer)
{
    //disable use of the given timer
#if defined WIRING   // Wiring
  if(timer == _timer1) {
    #if defined(__AVR_ATmega1281__)||defined(__AVR_ATmega2561__)
    TIMSK1 &=  ~_BV(OCIE1A) ;  // disable timer 1 output compare interrupt
    #else 
    TIMSK &=  ~_BV(OCIE1A) ;  // disable timer 1 output compare interrupt   
    #endif
    timerDetach(TIMER1OUTCOMPAREA_INT); 
  }
  else if(timer == _timer3) {     
    #if defined(__AVR_ATmega1281__)||defined(__AVR_ATmega2561__)
    TIMSK3 &= ~_BV(OCIE3A);    // disable the timer3 output compare A interrupt
    #else
    ETIMSK &= ~_BV(OCIE3A);    // disable the timer3 output compare A interrupt
    #endif
    timerDetach(TIMER3OUTCOMPAREA_INT);
  }
#else
    //For arduino - in future: call here to a currently undefined function to reset the timer
#endif
}

static boolean isTimerActive(timer16_Sequence_t timer)
{
  // returns true if any servo is active on this timer
  for(uint8_t channel=0; channel < SERVOS_PER_TIMER; channel++) {
    if(SERVO(timer,channel).Pin.isActive == true)
      return true;
  }
  return false;
}


/****************** end of static functions ******************************/

VarSpeedServo::VarSpeedServo()
{
  if( ServoCount < MAX_SERVOS) {
    this->servoIndex = ServoCount++;                    // assign a servo index to this instance
	  servos[this->servoIndex].ticks = usToTicks(DEFAULT_PULSE_WIDTH);   // store default values  - 12 Aug 2009
    this->curSeqPosition = 0;
    this->curSequence = initSeq;
  }
  else
    this->servoIndex = INVALID_SERVO ;  // too many servos 
}

uint8_t VarSpeedServo::attach(int pin)
{
  return this->attach(pin, MIN_PULSE_WIDTH, MAX_PULSE_WIDTH);
}

uint8_t VarSpeedServo::attach(int pin, int min, int max)
{
  if(this->servoIndex < MAX_SERVOS ) {
    pinMode( pin, OUTPUT) ;                                   // set servo pin to output
    servos[this->servoIndex].Pin.nbr = pin;  
    // todo min/max check: abs(min - MIN_PULSE_WIDTH) /4 < 128 
    this->min  = (MIN_PULSE_WIDTH - min)/4; //resolution of min/max is 4 uS
    this->max  = (MAX_PULSE_WIDTH - max)/4; 
    // initialize the timer if it has not already been initialized 
    timer16_Sequence_t timer = SERVO_INDEX_TO_TIMER(servoIndex);
    if(isTimerActive(timer) == false)
      initISR(timer);    
    servos[this->servoIndex].Pin.isActive = true;  // this must be set after the check for isTimerActive
  } 
  return this->servoIndex ;
}

void VarSpeedServo::detach()  
{
  servos[this->servoIndex].Pin.isActive = false;  
  timer16_Sequence_t timer = SERVO_INDEX_TO_TIMER(servoIndex);
  if(isTimerActive(timer) == false) {
    finISR(timer);
  }
}

void VarSpeedServo::write(int value)
{  
  if(value < MIN_PULSE_WIDTH)
  {  // treat values less than 544 as angles in degrees (valid values in microseconds are handled as microseconds)
    // updated to use constrain() instead of if(), pva
    value = constrain(value, 0, 180);
    value = map(value, 0, 180, SERVO_MIN(),  SERVO_MAX());      
  }
  this->writeMicroseconds(value);
}

void VarSpeedServo::writeMicroseconds(int value)
{
  // calculate and store the values for the given channel
  byte channel = this->servoIndex;
  if( (channel >= 0) && (channel < MAX_SERVOS) )   // ensure channel is valid
  {  
    if( value < SERVO_MIN() )          // ensure pulse width is valid
      value = SERVO_MIN();
    else if( value > SERVO_MAX() )
      value = SERVO_MAX();   
    
  	value -= TRIM_DURATION;
    value = usToTicks(value);  // convert to ticks after compensating for interrupt overhead - 12 Aug 2009

    uint8_t oldSREG = SREG;
    cli();
    servos[channel].ticks = value;  
    SREG = oldSREG;   

	// Extension for slowmove
	// Disable slowmove logic.
	servos[channel].speed = 0;  
	// End of Extension for slowmove
  } 
}

// Extension for slowmove
/*
  write(value, speed) - Just like write but at reduced speed.

  value - Target position for the servo. Identical use as value of the function write.
  speed - Speed at which to move the servo.
          speed=0 - Full speed, identical to write
          speed=1 - Minimum speed
          speed=255 - Maximum speed
*/
void VarSpeedServo::write(int value, uint8_t speed) {
	// This fuction is a copy of write and writeMicroseconds but value will be saved
	// in target instead of in ticks in the servo structure and speed will be save
	// there too.

  int degrees = value;

	if (speed) {
		if (value < MIN_PULSE_WIDTH) {
			// treat values less than 544 as angles in degrees (valid values in microseconds are handled as microseconds)
      		// updated to use constrain instead of if, pva
      		value = constrain(value, 0, 180);
      		value = map(value, 0, 180, SERVO_MIN(),  SERVO_MAX());    
		}
		// calculate and store the values for the given channel
		byte channel = this->servoIndex;
		if( (channel >= 0) && (channel < MAX_SERVOS) ) {   // ensure channel is valid
      		// updated to use constrain instead of if, pva
      		value = constrain(value, SERVO_MIN(), SERVO_MAX());

			value = value - TRIM_DURATION;
			value = usToTicks(value);  // convert to ticks after compensating for interrupt overhead - 12 Aug 2009

			// Set speed and direction
			uint8_t oldSREG = SREG;
			cli();
			servos[channel].target = value;  
			servos[channel].speed = speed;  
			SREG = oldSREG;   
		}
	} 
	else {
		write (value);
	}
}

void VarSpeedServo::write(int value, uint8_t speed, bool wait) {
  write(value, speed);
  if (wait) { // block until the servo is at its new position
    if (value < MIN_PULSE_WIDTH) {
      while (read() != value) {
        delay(5);
      }
    } else {
      while (readMicroseconds() != value) {
        delay(5);
      }
    }
  }
}

void VarSpeedServo::stop() {
  write(read());
}

void VarSpeedServo::slowmove(int value, uint8_t speed) {
  // legacy function to support original version of VarSpeedServo
  write(value, speed);
}

// End of Extension for slowmove


int VarSpeedServo::read() // return the value as degrees
{
  return  map( this->readMicroseconds()+1, SERVO_MIN(), SERVO_MAX(), 0, 180);     
}

int VarSpeedServo::readMicroseconds()
{
  unsigned int pulsewidth;
  if( this->servoIndex != INVALID_SERVO )
    pulsewidth = ticksToUs(servos[this->servoIndex].ticks)  + TRIM_DURATION ;   // 12 aug 2009
  else 
    pulsewidth  = 0;

  return pulsewidth;   
}

bool VarSpeedServo::attached()
{
  return servos[this->servoIndex].Pin.isActive ;
}

uint8_t VarSpeedServo::sequencePlay(servoSequencePoint sequenceIn[], uint8_t numPositions, bool loop, uint8_t startPos) {
  uint8_t oldSeqPosition = this->curSeqPosition;

  if( this->curSequence != sequenceIn) {
    //Serial.println("newSeq");
    this->curSequence = sequenceIn;
    this->curSeqPosition = startPos;
    oldSeqPosition = 255;
  }
  
  if (read() == sequenceIn[this->curSeqPosition].position && this->curSeqPosition != CURRENT_SEQUENCE_STOP) {
    this->curSeqPosition++;
    
    if (this->curSeqPosition >= numPositions) { // at the end of the loop
      if (loop) { // reset to the beginning of the loop
        this->curSeqPosition = 0;
      } else { // stop the loop
        this->curSeqPosition = CURRENT_SEQUENCE_STOP;
      }
    }
  }

  if (this->curSeqPosition != oldSeqPosition && this->curSeqPosition != CURRENT_SEQUENCE_STOP) { 
    // CURRENT_SEQUENCE_STOP position means the animation has ended, and should no longer be played
    // otherwise move to the next position
    write(sequenceIn[this->curSeqPosition].position, sequenceIn[this->curSeqPosition].speed);
    //Serial.println(this->seqCurPosition);
  }
  
  return this->curSeqPosition;
}

uint8_t VarSpeedServo::sequencePlay(servoSequencePoint sequenceIn[], uint8_t numPositions) {
  return sequencePlay(sequenceIn, numPositions, true, 0);
}

void VarSpeedServo::sequenceStop() {
  write(read());
  this->curSeqPosition = CURRENT_SEQUENCE_STOP;
}

/*
	To do
int VarSpeedServo::targetPosition() {
	byte channel = this->servoIndex;
	return map( servos[channel].target+1, SERVO_MIN(), SERVO_MAX(), 0, 180);
}

int VarSpeedServo::targetPositionMicroseconds() {
	byte channel = this->servoIndex;
	return servos[channel].target;
}

bool VarSpeedServo::isMoving() {
	byte channel = this->servoIndex;
	int servos[channel].target;
}
*/

VarSpeedServo(1).h

Arduino

CODE
/*
  VarSpeedServo.h - Interrupt driven Servo library for Arduino using 16 bit timers- Version 2
  Copyright (c) 2009 Michael Margolis.  All right reserved.

  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  Lesser General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
*/


/*
  Function slowmove and supporting code added 2010 by Korman. Above limitations apply
  to all added code, except for the official maintainer of the Servo library. If he,
  and only he deems the enhancment a good idea to add to the official Servo library,
  he may add it without the requirement to name the author of the parts original to
  this version of the library.
*/

/*
  Updated 2013 by Philip van Allen (pva), 
  -- updated for Arduino 1.0 +
  -- consolidated slowmove into the write command (while keeping slowmove() for compatibility
     with Korman's version)
  -- added wait parameter to allow write command to block until move is complete
  -- added sequence playing ability to asynchronously move the servo through a series of positions, must be called in a loop

  
  A servo is activated by creating an instance of the Servo class passing the desired pin to the attach() method.
  The servos are pulsed in the background using the value most recently written using the write() method

  Note that analogWrite of PWM on pins associated with the timer are disabled when the first servo is attached.
  Timers are seized as needed in groups of 12 servos - 24 servos use two timers, 48 servos will use four.
  The sequence used to sieze timers is defined in timers.h

  The methods are:

   VarSpeedServo - Class for manipulating servo motors connected to Arduino pins.

   attach(pin )  - Attaches a servo motor to an i/o pin.
   attach(pin, min, max  ) - Attaches to a pin setting min and max values in microseconds
   default min is 544, max is 2400  
 
   write(value)     - Sets the servo angle in degrees.  (invalid angle that is valid as pulse in microseconds is treated as microseconds)
   write(value, speed) - speed varies the speed of the move to new position 0=full speed, 1-255 slower to faster
   write(value, speed, wait) - wait is a boolean that, if true, causes the function call to block until move is complete

   writeMicroseconds() - Sets the servo pulse width in microseconds 
   read()      - Gets the last written servo pulse width as an angle between 0 and 180. 
   readMicroseconds()  - Gets the last written servo pulse width in microseconds. (was read_us() in first release)
   attached()  - Returns true if there is a servo attached. 
   detach()    - Stops an attached servos from pulsing its i/o pin. 

   slowmove(value, speed) - The same as write(value, speed), retained for compatibility with Korman's version

   stop() - stops the servo at the current position

   sequencePlay(sequence, sequencePositions); // play a looping sequence starting at position 0
   sequencePlay(sequence, sequencePositions, loop, startPosition); // play sequence with number of positions, loop if true, start at position
   sequenceStop(); // stop sequence at current position

 */

#ifndef VarSpeedServo_h
#define VarSpeedServo_h

#include <inttypes.h>

/* 
 * Defines for 16 bit timers used with  Servo library 
 *
 * If _useTimerX is defined then TimerX is a 16 bit timer on the curent board
 * timer16_Sequence_t enumerates the sequence that the timers should be allocated
 * _Nbr_16timers indicates how many 16 bit timers are available.
 *
 */

// Say which 16 bit timers can be used and in what order
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__)  || defined(__AVR_ATmega2560__)
#define _useTimer5
#define _useTimer1 
#define _useTimer3
#define _useTimer4 
typedef enum { _timer5, _timer1, _timer3, _timer4, _Nbr_16timers } timer16_Sequence_t ;

#elif defined(__AVR_ATmega32U4__)  
#define _useTimer3
#define _useTimer1 
typedef enum { _timer3, _timer1, _Nbr_16timers } timer16_Sequence_t ;

#elif defined(__AVR_AT90USB646__) || defined(__AVR_AT90USB1286__)
#define _useTimer3
#define _useTimer1
typedef enum { _timer3, _timer1, _Nbr_16timers } timer16_Sequence_t ;

#elif defined(__AVR_ATmega128__) ||defined(__AVR_ATmega1281__)||defined(__AVR_ATmega2561__)
#define _useTimer3
#define _useTimer1
typedef enum { _timer3, _timer1, _Nbr_16timers } timer16_Sequence_t ;

#else  // everything else
#define _useTimer1
typedef enum { _timer1, _Nbr_16timers } timer16_Sequence_t ;                  
#endif

#define VarSpeedServo_VERSION           2      // software version of this library

#define MIN_PULSE_WIDTH       544     // the shortest pulse sent to a servo  
#define MAX_PULSE_WIDTH      2400     // the longest pulse sent to a servo 
#define DEFAULT_PULSE_WIDTH  1500     // default pulse width when servo is attached
#define REFRESH_INTERVAL    20000     // minumim time to refresh servos in microseconds 

#define SERVOS_PER_TIMER       12     // the maximum number of servos controlled by one timer 
#define MAX_SERVOS   (_Nbr_16timers  * SERVOS_PER_TIMER)

#define INVALID_SERVO         255     // flag indicating an invalid servo index

#define CURRENT_SEQUENCE_STOP   255    // used to indicate the current sequence is not used and sequence should stop


typedef struct  {
  uint8_t nbr        :6 ;             // a pin number from 0 to 63
  uint8_t isActive   :1 ;             // true if this channel is enabled, pin not pulsed if false 
} ServoPin_t   ;  

typedef struct {
  ServoPin_t Pin;
  unsigned int ticks;
	unsigned int target;			// Extension for slowmove
	uint8_t speed;					// Extension for slowmove
} servo_t;

typedef struct {
  uint8_t position;
  uint8_t speed;
} servoSequencePoint;

class VarSpeedServo
{
public:
  VarSpeedServo();
  uint8_t attach(int pin);           // attach the given pin to the next free channel, sets pinMode, returns channel number or 0 if failure
  uint8_t attach(int pin, int min, int max); // as above but also sets min and max values for writes. 
  void detach();
  void write(int value);             // if value is < 200 its treated as an angle, otherwise as pulse width in microseconds
  void write(int value, uint8_t speed); // Move to given position at reduced speed.
          // speed=0 is identical to write, speed=1 slowest and speed=255 fastest.
          // On the RC-Servos tested, speeds differences above 127 can't be noticed,
          // because of the mechanical limits of the servo.
  void write(int value, uint8_t speed, bool wait); // wait parameter causes call to block until move completes
  void writeMicroseconds(int value); // Write pulse width in microseconds 
  void slowmove(int value, uint8_t speed);
  void stop(); // stop the servo where it is
  
  int read();                        // returns current pulse width as an angle between 0 and 180 degrees
  int readMicroseconds();            // returns current pulse width in microseconds for this servo (was read_us() in first release)
  bool attached();                   // return true if this servo is attached, otherwise false 

  uint8_t sequencePlay(servoSequencePoint sequenceIn[], uint8_t numPositions, bool loop, uint8_t startPos);
  uint8_t sequencePlay(servoSequencePoint sequenceIn[], uint8_t numPositions); // play a looping sequence starting at position 0
  void sequenceStop(); // stop movement
private:
   uint8_t servoIndex;               // index into the channel data for this servo
   int8_t min;                       // minimum is this value times 4 added to MIN_PULSE_WIDTH    
   int8_t max;                       // maximum is this value times 4 added to MAX_PULSE_WIDTH
   servoSequencePoint * curSequence; // for sequences
   uint8_t curSeqPosition; // for sequences

};

#endif

The article was first published in hackster, October 29, 2020

cr: https://www.hackster.io/logic_queen/halloween-mr-scary-pumpkin-f71c5d

author: logic_queen

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