Arduino / ESP8266 RS485 MODBUS Anemometer

/*
Anemometer with a RS485 wind sensor

from an idea of https://arduino.stackexchange.com/questions/62327/cannot-read-modbus-data-repetitively
https://www.cupidcontrols.com/2015/10/software-serial-modbus-master-over-rs485-transceiver/

_________________________________________________________________
|                                                               |
|       author : Philippe de Craene <[email protected]        |
|       Any feedback is welcome                                 |
                                                                |
_________________________________________________________________

Materials :
 1* Arduino Uno R3 - tested with IDE version 1.8.7 and 1.8.9
 1* wind sensor - RS485 MODBUS protocol of communication
 1* MAX485 DIP8

Versions chronology:
version 1 - 7 sept  2019   - first test 

*/

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>  // https://github.com/PaulStoffregen/SoftwareSerial

#define RX        10    //Serial Receive pin
#define TX        11    //Serial Transmit pin
#define RTS_pin    9    //RS485 Direction control
#define RS485Transmit    HIGH
#define RS485Receive     LOW

SoftwareSerial RS485Serial(RX, TX);

void setup() {

  pinMode(RTS_pin, OUTPUT);  
  
  // Start the built-in serial port, for Serial Monitor
  Serial.begin(9600);
  Serial.println("Anemometer"); 

  // Start the Modbus serial Port, for anemometer
  RS485Serial.begin(9600);   
  delay(1000);
}

void loop() {

  digitalWrite(RTS_pin, RS485Transmit);     // init Transmit
  byte Anemometer_request[] = {0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x01, 0x65, 0xCE}; // inquiry frame
  RS485Serial.write(Anemometer_request, sizeof(Anemometer_request));
  RS485Serial.flush();
  
  digitalWrite(RTS_pin, RS485Receive);      // Init Receive
  byte Anemometer_buf[8];
  RS485Serial.readBytes(Anemometer_buf, 8);
 
  Serial.print("wind speed : ");
  for( byte i=0; i<7; i++ ) {
  Serial.print(Anemometer_buf[i], HEX);
  Serial.print(" ");
  }
  Serial.print(" ==> ");
  Serial.print(Anemometer_buf[4]);
  Serial.print(" m/s");
  Serial.println();                  
  delay(100);

}

/*
Anemometer from an idea of https://arduino.stackexchange.com/questions/62327/cannot-read-modbus-data-repetitively
https://www.cupidcontrols.com/2015/10/software-serial-modbus-master-over-rs485-transceiver/

_________________________________________________________________
|                                                               |
|       author : Philippe de Craene <[email protected]        |
|       Any feedback is welcome                                 |
                                                                |
_________________________________________________________________

Materials :
 1* Wemos D1 mini - tested with IDE version 1.8.7 and 1.8.9
 1* wind sensor - RS485 MODBUS protocol of communication
 1* MAX485 DIP8
 1* RTC 1307
 1* LCD1602 with I2C extension
 1* SD card


Versions chronology:
version 1   - 7 sept 2019   - first test on Arduino Uno
Version 3   - 9 sept 2019   - ESP8266 based with RTC and SD card


ESP8266 pinup :

D1 => SCL for LCD1602 and DS1307 (Arduino A5) 
D2 => SDA for LCD1602 and DS1307 (Arduino A4)

D3 => Rx = RO of MAX485 - pin 1
D4 => Tx = DI of MAX485 - pin 4
D8 => RTS = RE/DE of MAX485 - pins 2&3

D5 => SCK for SDcard  (Arduino 13)
D6 => MISO for SDcard (Arduino 12)
D7 => MOSI for SDcard (Arduino 11)
D0 => CS for SDcard (SDcard Arduino shield 10) CS should be in D8 but must be at 0 
      during boot, but stay stuck at Vcc....

*/

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>       // https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>  // required pour WifiManager.h
#include <DNSServer.h>         // required pour WifiManager.h
#include <WiFiManager.h>       // https://github.com/tzapu/WiFiManager
#include <ArduinoOTA.h>        // https://github.com/marcudanf/arduinoOTA
#include <TimeLib.h>           // https://github.com/PaulStoffregen/Time
#include <DS1307RTC.h>         // https://github.com/PaulStoffregen/DS1307RTC
#include <SD.h>                // yet include : https://github.com/adafruit/SD
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>    // https://github.com/PaulStoffregen/SoftwareSerial
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h> // https://github.com/lucasmaziero/LiquidCrystal_I2C

#define RX        D3    // Soft Serial RS485 Receive pin
#define TX        D4    // Soft Serial RS485 Transmit pin
#define RTS       D8    // RS485 Direction control
#define RS485Transmit    HIGH
#define RS485Receive     LOW
#define CS        D0    // CS for SDcard

SoftwareSerial RS485Serial(RX, TX);    // additional serial port for RS485
WiFiServer server(80);                 // web server on www default port 80
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);    // Set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line display
File dataFile;                         // initialisation of the SD card

// NTP server declaration
int TZ = 2;                            // timezone
unsigned int localPort = 2390;         // local port to listen for UDP packets
/* Don't hardwire the IP address or we won't get the benefits of the pool.
    Lookup the IP address for the host name instead */
//IPAddress timeServer(129, 6, 15, 28);   // time.nist.gov NTP server
IPAddress timeServerIP;                 // time.nist.gov NTP server address
const char* ntpServerName = "time.nist.gov";
const int NTP_PACKET_SIZE = 48;         // NTP time stamp is in the first 48 bytes of the message
byte packetBuffer[ NTP_PACKET_SIZE];    // buffer to hold incoming and outgoing packets
WiFiUDP udp;                            // A UDP instance to let us send and receive packets over UDP

// Variables declaration
float Anemometer = 0, memo_Anemometer = 0;
char daysOfTheWeek[7][12] = {"Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"};
bool afficher = true;        // affichage sur LCD
unsigned int delai = 2000;   // delay between 2 measures in ms
unsigned int memo_actuel = 0;

//
// SETUP
//_____________________________________________________________________________________________

void setup() {

  pinMode(RTS, OUTPUT);  
  pinMode(CS, OUTPUT);
  
// Start the built-in serial port, for Serial Monitor
  Serial.begin(9600);
  Serial.println("Anemometer"); 

// Start the Modbus serial Port, for anemometer
  RS485Serial.begin(9600);   
  delay(100);

// initialize the LCD
  lcd.begin();                  // Init with pin default ESP8266 or ARDUINO
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("Anemometer");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

// see if the RTC is present and is set
  tmElements_t tm;
  if (RTC.read(tm)) {
    Serial.print("Ok, Time = ");
    Serial.print(tm.Hour); Serial.write(':');
    Serial.print(tm.Minute); Serial.write(':');
    Serial.print(tm.Second);
    Serial.print(", Date (D/M/Y) = ");
    Serial.print(tm.Day);
    Serial.write('/');
    Serial.print(tm.Month);
    Serial.write('/');
    Serial.print(tmYearToCalendar(tm.Year));
    Serial.println();
    setSyncProvider(RTC.get);     // to get the time from the RTC
    lcd.print("Time: OK    ");
  } 
  else {
    if (RTC.chipPresent()) Serial.println("The DS1307 is stopped.  Please set time");
    else Serial.println("DS1307 read error!  Please check the circuitry.");
    lcd.print("Time: FAIL  ");
  }
  Serial.println();
  delay(1000);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

// see if the card is present and can be initialized:
  if (!SD.begin(CS)) Serial.println("Card failed, or not present"); 
  else { Serial.println("card initialized."); }
  // Open up the file we're going to log to!
  dataFile = SD.open("datalog.txt", FILE_WRITE);
  if (!dataFile) { 
    Serial.println("datalog.txt error !"); 
    lcd.print("SDcard: FAIL");
  }
  else {
    Serial.println(" datalog.txt ready ...");
    lcd.print("SDcard: OK  ");
  }
  Serial.println();
  delay(1000);
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("WiFi is     ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("starting ...");

// AP will start if no wifi identifiers in memory or wrong identification
// AP can be accessed from ssid "AutoConnectAP" then IP address 192.168.4.1 within 150 seconds
// in cas of unsuccess after 150 seconds the wifi will not be defined
// for local intialization. Once its business is done, there is no need to keep it around
  WiFiManager monwifi;
  monwifi.setConfigPortalTimeout(180);    // 150 seconds timeout
  byte i = 0;                         // counter of request to wifi connexion
  byte imax = 10;                     // max number of request to wifi connexion
// fetches ssid and pass from eeprom and tries to connect. If it does not connect it starts 
// an access point with the specified name and goes into a blocking loop awaiting configuration
  if(!monwifi.autoConnect("AutoConnectAP")) Serial.println("non paramtr");
  else {
// Connect to Wi-Fi network with SSID and password
    Serial.print("connexion au Wifi en cours ");               
    while( (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) && i < imax ) { 
      i++;
      delay(500); 
      Serial.print(".");
    }
  }     // end of else monwifi.autoConnect

// if wifi is connected
  if( i < imax ) {
// show IP address
    Serial.println();
    Serial.println("Wifi connect.");
    Serial.print("Address IP : ");
    Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("started !   ");
      
// 2 of the 3 lines of code for OTA
    ArduinoOTA.setHostname("Anemometer");  // device name 
    ArduinoOTA.begin();                    // OTA initialisation

// udp service startup    
    Serial.println("Starting UDP");
    udp.begin(localPort);
    Serial.print("Local port: ");
    Serial.println(udp.localPort());

  }  // end of test i
  else {
    Serial.println();
    Serial.println("pas de rseau wifi");
    Serial.println("Rcupration de l'heure en local");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("not started ");
    delay(1000);
  }
  server.begin();             // web server startup
 // getNTP();                 // NTP function to get the internet date and time
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("Anemometer");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  
}  // end of setup

//
// LOOP
//_____________________________________________________________________________________________

void loop() {

// The 3rd code line for OTA
  ArduinoOTA.handle();

// to display data on a html page
  webserver();      

// Daily time update
  if( hour() == 1 && minute() == 0 && second() < 2 ) getNTP();

// The above of the loop is done every waitdelay seconds only
  unsigned int actuel = millis();
  if( actuel - memo_actuel < delai ) return;
  memo_actuel = actuel; 

// RS485 MODBUS Request and Receive with the anemometer
  byte Anemometer_buf[8];
  Anemometer_buf[1] = 0;
  while( Anemometer_buf[1] != 0x03 ) {    // if received message has an error
    // MODBUS Tramsmit by sending a request to the anemometer
    digitalWrite(RTS, RS485Transmit);     // init Transmit
    byte Anemometer_request[] = {0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x01, 0x65, 0xCE}; // inquiry frame
    RS485Serial.write(Anemometer_request, sizeof(Anemometer_request));
    RS485Serial.flush();
    // MODBUS Reception of the anemometer's answer
    digitalWrite(RTS, RS485Receive);      // init Receive
    RS485Serial.readBytes(Anemometer_buf, 8);
    // data treatment
    Serial.print("wind speed : ");
    for( byte i=0; i<7; i++ ) {
      Serial.print(Anemometer_buf[i], HEX);
      Serial.print(" ");
    }
    Serial.print(" ==> ");
    Serial.print(Anemometer_buf[4]);
    Serial.print(" /10 m/s");
    Serial.println(); 
    delay(500);
  }   // end of while 
  memo_Anemometer = Anemometer;
  Anemometer = Anemometer_buf[4]/10.0;
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print(Anemometer);
  lcd.print(" m/s      ");   

// Store on SDcard
  if( Anemometer != memo_Anemometer ) {  // if wind speed change
    String dataString = "";              // initialisation d'une chaine de caractres
    dataString += String(daysOfTheWeek[weekday()-1]);
    dataString += ";";
    dataString += String(day(), DEC);
    dataString += ";";
    dataString += String(month(), DEC);
    dataString += ";";
    dataString += String(year(), DEC);
    dataString += ";";
    dataString += String(hour(), DEC);
    dataString += ";";
    dataString += String(minute(), DEC);
    dataString += ";";
    dataString += String(second(), DEC);
    dataString += ";";
    dataString += String(Anemometer);
    dataString += ";";
    dataFile.println(dataString);     // record data on SD card
    dataFile.flush();                 // clean buffer
    Serial.println(dataString);       // show record on console
  }   // end test Anemomter
}     // end of loop

//
// webserver : display data on html page
//____________________________________________________________________________________________

void webserver() { 
  
  WiFiClient client = server.available();   // Listen for incoming clients
  if( client ) {                            // If a new client connects,
    Serial.println("Nouveau client.");      // print a message out in the serial port
    
    String entete = client.readStringUntil('\r'); // read the header until \r
    Serial.print("header received => ");
    Serial.println(entete); 
    
    String etat_afficher[] = {"non", "oui"};
    if( entete.indexOf("GET /?A=0") >= 0) afficher = false;
    if( entete.indexOf("GET /?A=1") >= 0) afficher = true;
    Serial.print("\n Etat de l'affichage du LCD : ");
    Serial.println(afficher);
    if( afficher == true ) lcd.backlight();
    else lcd.noBacklight();
    
    client.flush();                         //nettoie le tampon...
    // HTTP header
    client.println("HTTP/1.1 200 OK");
    client.println("Content-type:text/html");
    client.println("Connection: close");
    client.println();
    // Display the HTML web page with every 4 seconds refraish 
    client.println("<!DOCTYPE html><html lang=fr-FR>");
    client.println("<head><meta http-equiv='refresh' content='4'/>");
    client.println("<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\">");
    client.println("<link rel=\"icon\" href=\"data:,\">");
    // CSS to style the on/off buttons 
    client.println("<style>html { font-family: Helvetica; display: inline-block; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;}");
    client.println(".button { background-color: #8A0808; border: none; color: white; padding: 16px 40px;");
    client.println("text-decoration: none; font-size: 30px; margin: 2px; cursor: pointer;}");
    client.println(".button2 {background-color: #32CD99;}");
    client.println(".button3 {background-color: #08298A;}</style></head>");
    // Web Page Heading
    client.println("<body><h1>An&eacute;mometre chez Fifi</h1>");
    String Minutes = "0";
    if( minute() < 10 ) Minutes += String(minute());
    else Minutes = String(minute());
    client.println("<p><h3>Il est " + String(hour()) + "h" + Minutes + " et " + String(second()) + " secondes;</h3></p>");
    client.println("<HR size=2 align=center width=\"80%\">");
    client.println("<p><h3>Vitesse du vent " + String(Anemometer) + " m/s</h3></p>");
    client.println("<HR size=2 align=center width=\"80%\">");
    client.println("<p><h2>Affichage : " + etat_afficher[afficher] +"</h2></p>");
    client.println("<FORM>");
    client.println("<INPUT type=\"radio\" name=\"A\" value=\"1\">Allumer");
    client.println("<INPUT type=\"radio\" name=\"A\" value=\"0\">Eteindre");
    client.println("<INPUT class=\"button button3\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Actualiser\"></FORM>");
    client.println("</BODY></center></html>");
    client.println();              // The HTTP response ends with another blank line
            
    Serial.println("Fin de transmission web - Client disconnected.");
    Serial.println("");
  }  // end of client
}   // end of webserver

//
// getNTP : to get date and time from internet
//____________________________________________________________________________________________

void getNTP() {

  byte i = 0;             // NTP request counter
  byte imax = 40;         // max number of request
  
  WiFi.hostByName(ntpServerName, timeServerIP);  // get a random server from the pool
  
  do {
     i++;
     Serial.print("sending NTP packet... ");
     Serial.println(i);
     memset(packetBuffer, 0, NTP_PACKET_SIZE);   // set all bytes in the buffer to 0
     // Initialize values needed to form NTP request
     packetBuffer[0] = 0b11100011;   // LI, Version, Mode
     packetBuffer[1] = 0;            // Stratum, or type of clock
     packetBuffer[2] = 6;            // Polling Interval
     packetBuffer[3] = 0xEC;         // Peer Clock Precision
     // 8 bytes of zero for Root Delay & Root Dispersion
     packetBuffer[12] = 49;
     packetBuffer[13] = 0x4E;
     packetBuffer[14] = 49;
     packetBuffer[15] = 52;
     // all NTP fields have been given values, now you can send a packet requesting a timestamp:
     udp.beginPacket(timeServerIP, 123);       // NTP requests are to port 123
     udp.write(packetBuffer, NTP_PACKET_SIZE);
     udp.endPacket();
     delay(1000);                              // wait to see if a reply is available
  } while(!udp.parsePacket() && i<imax); 

  if( i<imax ) {                     // We've received a packet, read the data from it
    udp.read(packetBuffer, NTP_PACKET_SIZE);     // read the packet into the buffer
 
    //the timestamp starts at byte 40 of the received packet and is four bytes,
    // or two words, long. First, esxtract the two words:
    unsigned long highWord = word(packetBuffer[40], packetBuffer[41]);
    unsigned long lowWord = word(packetBuffer[42], packetBuffer[43]);
    // combine the four bytes (two words) into a long integer
    // this is NTP time (seconds since Jan 1 1900):
    unsigned long secsSince1900 = highWord << 16 | lowWord;
    Serial.print("Seconds since Jan 1 1900 = ");
    Serial.println(secsSince1900);

    // now convert NTP time into everyday time:
    Serial.print("Unix time = ");
    // Unix time starts on Jan 1 1970. In seconds, that's 2208988800:
    const unsigned long seventyYears = 2208988800UL;
    // subtract seventy years:
    unsigned long epoch = secsSince1900 - seventyYears;
    // print Unix time:
    Serial.println(epoch);
    
    // // to see if it is summer or winter time
    int mois = month();
    int jour = day();
    int joursemaine = weekday();
    if( mois > 3 || mois < 10  
      || (mois == 3  && (jour - joursemaine) > 22 )
      || (mois == 10 && (jour - joursemaine) < 23 ) ) TZ = 2;    
    else TZ = 1;                   // heure d'hiver
    RTC.set(epoch + TZ*3600);
    setTime(epoch + TZ*3600);       // date and time adjust 
  }
  else setSyncProvider(RTC.get);    // the function to get the time from the RTC
}  //   end of getNTP