A metronome is a device used in music to help musicians keep a consistent tempo or beat while playing or practicing. It produces a regular, steady sound, typically in the form of clicks or beats per minute (BPM), to aid musicians in maintaining the desired rhythm.
Metronomes come in various forms, including mechanical metronomes, electronic metronomes, and digital metronome apps.
The device presented in this video is actually a digital metronome that contains an array of LEDs that simulate the movement of a weighted pendulum.
The movement of the weight on the vertical rod has been replaced by a slide potentiometer, and the current beats per minute is displayed on a small OLED screen. The LEDs and the potentiometer are placed in such a way that the device looks very much like an original mechanical metronome.
Otherwise, the device is very simple to make, and consists of several components
- Arduino Nano Microcontroller
- 8 LEDs
- Slide potentiometer with a value of 10 to 100 kilohms
- two active buzzers
- SSD1306 OLED display
- and a 470 Ohm resistor
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Considering that only one diode is always active at a time, instead of 8 resistors on each anode, I put only one resistor on the common cathodes to ground. In that way, the circuit is significantly simplified. Also for sound indicators, instead of one, I use two active buzzers, which have a negligible cost. On the other hand, we got a sharp clear sound, which is a basic requirement for this device, and there is also no need to complicate the code. I connect the buzzers directly to the D2 and D9 outputs. Also, the code is very simple and can easily be modified for a different number of LEDs. Of course the part with my logo and device name in the void setup section can be removed. Even for simplicity, the OLED display can be omitted, and then draw a BPM scale near the slide potentiometer.
Now let's see how the device works in reality. After switching on, in the first few seconds the previously defined logo appears as well as information about the device type. Then, conditionally speaking, the Pendulum starts moving at a speed that depends on the position of the potentiometer. When the potentiometer is higher, the oscillations slow down, and vice versa. The current BPM is displayed on the OLED display. The first and the last led are of different colors and indicate the moment of activation of the Buzzer. The movement of the diodes is actually a Knight Rider led effect, the speed of which is controlled by a potentiometer.
And finally, this is a simple beginner Arduino project with a great visual effect, but also a very useful tool when learning to play a musical instrument.
/*
For Loop Iteration
Demonstrates the use of a for() loop.
Lights multiple LEDs in sequence, then in reverse.
The circuit:
- LEDs from pins 2 through 7 to ground
created 2006
by David A. Mellis
modified 30 Aug 2011
by Tom Igoe
This example code is in the public domain.
https://www.arduino.cc/built-in-examples/ForLoopIteration
*/
#include <SPI.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128 // OLED display width, in pixels
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64 // OLED display height, in pixels
#define OLED_RESET -1
#define SCREEN_ADDRESS 0x3C
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, OLED_RESET);
int timer = 0; // The higher the number, the slower the timing.
int bpm = 0;
const unsigned char zmaj [] PROGMEM = {
// 'zmaj7 60x60, 128x64px
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x80, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0x80, 0x00, 0xbf, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfd, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfa, 0x04, 0x00, 0x2f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfa, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x2f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfa, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfa, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfa, 0x00, 0x00, 0x2f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfa, 0x80, 0x00, 0x2f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfa, 0x40, 0x00, 0x2f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfa, 0x80, 0x60, 0x2f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfa, 0x80, 0x30, 0x2f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe2, 0x3f, 0xfa, 0x80, 0x0f, 0xcf, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xed, 0xbf, 0xf4, 0x80, 0x00, 0x2f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xd9, 0x3f, 0xe9, 0x80, 0x00, 0x5f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xa2, 0xff, 0xd3, 0x00, 0xff, 0xbf, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x85, 0xff, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x00, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x85, 0xff, 0x4c, 0x02, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x85, 0xfe, 0x98, 0x03, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x85, 0xfd, 0x30, 0x02, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x82, 0x02, 0x60, 0x02, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xa1, 0xfc, 0x80, 0x01, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xd0, 0x41, 0x80, 0x00, 0xf7, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe8, 0xbe, 0x00, 0x04, 0x0b, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf4, 0x40, 0x00, 0x0b, 0xc3, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfa, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x23, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfa, 0x00, 0x00, 0x47, 0xcf, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfa, 0x00, 0x00, 0x87, 0x8f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfd, 0x00, 0x00, 0x8b, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfc, 0x80, 0x00, 0x97, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x4c, 0x01, 0xaf, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xa6, 0x03, 0x5f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xd3, 0x04, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe9, 0x8c, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf4, 0x88, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfa, 0x90, 0x53, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfa, 0x90, 0x3d, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x8a, 0x05, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x87, 0x02, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfa, 0x01, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf9, 0x00, 0x81, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfc, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x5f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff
};
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
// use a for loop to initialize each pin as an output:
display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, SCREEN_ADDRESS);
display.clearDisplay();
display.drawBitmap(0, 0,zmaj, 128, 64, WHITE); // display.drawBitmap(x position, y position, bitmap data, bitmap width, bitmap height, color)
display.display();
delay(2000);
display.clearDisplay();
display.setTextSize(2);
display.setTextColor(WHITE);
display.setCursor(22,10);
display.println("mircemk");// Print text
display.setCursor(10,40);
display.println("METRONOME");
display.display();
delay(2000);
for (int thisPin = 2; thisPin < 10; thisPin++) {
pinMode(thisPin, OUTPUT);
}
}
void loop() {
int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);
byte timer = map(sensorValue, 0, 1023, 20,125);
bpm=map(timer, 20 ,125 , 160 , 60);
Serial.println(bpm);
display.clearDisplay();
display.setTextSize(3);
display.setTextColor(WHITE);
display.setCursor(35,5);
display.println("BPM:");
display.setCursor(15,40);
display.println(bpm);
display.setTextSize(2);
display.setCursor(73,45);
display.println("/min");
display.display();
// loop from the lowest pin to the highest:
for (int thisPin = 2; thisPin < 10; thisPin++) {
// turn the pin on:
digitalWrite(thisPin, HIGH);
delay(timer);
// turn the pin off:
digitalWrite(thisPin, LOW);
}
// loop from the highest pin to the lowest:
for (int thisPin = 9; thisPin >= 2; thisPin--) {
// turn the pin on:
digitalWrite(thisPin, HIGH);
delay(timer);
// turn the pin off:
digitalWrite(thisPin, LOW);
}
}
