Automatic Plant Watering with Arduino.

adityatechnical22 Nov 18.2022

1 45944 Medium

Want to keep your plants watered while away on vacation? Build your own automatic plant-watering system using our Automatic Plant Watering Kit and an Arduino.

In this guide, learn to connect the kit to the Arduino or as a standalone, then program it to monitor soil moisture levels. When the soil moisture level goes below the set threshold, the plant will be automatically watered.

Complete this guide to get started with building your own automatic plant watering system!

Our Auto Plant Watering kit comes with:

Step 1

The Kit Which use in this project

5V Relay ModuleSoil moisture probes + comparison moduleSmall submersible pump 50cm tube Battery pack enclosure USB power lineJumper wiresStep 2

Soil Moisture Sensor

The water content in surrounding air and materials such as soil is an important factor for the well-being of humans, animals, plants, and other living things. The term moisture generally refers to the water content of any material. It is applied to liquids and solids, whereas humidity refers to the water vapor content in gases.

This soil moisture sensor in our kit has two probes to pass current through the soil. It measures the resistance and represents the change in resistance as moisture level. More water makes the soil conduct electricity more easily (less resistance), while dry soil conducts electricity poorly (more resistance). This sensor will be helpful as a reminder to water your indoor plants or to monitor the soil moisture in your garden.

A closer look at the pins: There are two pins on the soil moisture sensor, these connect to the two other pins on the top of the module as shown in Step 7.

There are four pins on the module:
AO: Analog Output
DO: Digital Output
VCC: 'VCC' stands for Voltage Common Collector. We'll connect the VCC pin to 5V on the Arduino
GND: In electronics, we define a point in a circuit to be a kind of zero volts or 0V reference point, on which to base all other voltage measurements. This point is called ground or GND.

Voltage is the difference in potential between two points. As it is difficult to talk about voltage without a reference point, we need another point to compare it to.

Step 3

The 5V Relay Module

The next component in the kit we'll take a closer look at is the 5V relay module. Instead of using a relay and wiring it up with transistors, diodes and resistors or any other additional components, a relay module board like this already includes everything you need.

What is a relay? A relay is basically an electrically actuated switch. Many sensors are incredibly sensitive and which may produce only small electric currents. When we need to use them in circuits involving larger currents, that's when relays bridge the gap; A relay makes it possible for small currents to activate larger ones, and to safely do so.

In this guide, the relay is used to turn the submersible water pump on and off.

Three of its pins control the state of the relay:
VCC: In this guide, we connected it to 5V
GND: Connected to GND.
Input (IN): This is the signal connection that is used to control the relay.

Three of the other connections control the circuit:
NC - Stands for 'Normally closed'. it is connected to COM when there is a trigger in the relay.
NO - Stands for 'Normally open'. It is normally connected to COM when there is no trigger in the relay.
COM - Stands for 'Common'. it is the part of the relay that moves.

When a relay is off, COM is connected to NC. When the relay turns on, it moves from NC to NO

Step 4

Connect VCC to 5V

Without further ado, let's get started with connecting up the components.First, connect VCC on the relay to 5V pin on Arduino

Step 5

Connect GND to negative power rail

Connect GND on the relay to negative power rail of breadboard

Step 6

Connect IN to Pin 3

Connect IN on relay to Pin 3 on Arduino

Step 7

Insert batteries into battery holder

The battery holder enclosure contained in the kit will fit 4 x AA batteries. Insert 4 X AA batteries into the case. Make sure that the '+' side of a battery cell is connected to the '+' side of the battery enclosure, and '-' of a battery cell to '-' of enclosure.

There is a switch on the battery enclosure, to turn it 'ON' and 'OFF'

Step 8

Connect black wire (battery holder) to negative power rail

Connect the '-' black wire from battery pack to the negative power rail on the breadboard

Step 9

Connect black wire of pump to negative power rail

Next, connect the black wire of pump to negative power rail

Step 10

Connect soil moisture sensor to module

Connect two F-F jumper wires from the soil moisture sensor probe to the comparison module included in the kit.

Step 11

Connect AO to A0

Connect a F-M jumper wire from AO on the module to A0 on Arduino

Step 12

Connect GND (on module) to GND

Connect a F-M jumper wire from GND on the module to GND on Arduino

Step 13

Connect VCC (on module) to 3.3V

Connect a F-M jumper wire from VCC on the module to 3.3V on the Arduino

Step 14

Connect red wire of pump to NC

Connect red wire of pump to NC.

You may need to use a small jewelers phillips screwdriver to loosen the holding before plugging in the wire, and then tightening it again.

Step 15

Connect the '+' red wire from battery holder to COM on the relay.

You may need to use a small jewelers phillips screwdriver to loosen the holding before plugging in the wire, and then tightening it again.

Step 16

Connect negative power rail to GND

Connect a M-M wire from the negative power rail of breadboard, to GND pin on Arduino

Next, we will get started with programming the Arduino, so connect it to a computer with the Arduino IDE installed.

Step 17

The code

pload this code to the Arduino!

To adjust how long it will be watering each time, simply change :
int watertime = 5;

To adjust the wait time between watering, simply change:

int waittime = 1;

To adjust the moisture threshold level, change the conditional statement:

if (moisture < 40)

Save this sketch. Then go to the next step to calibrate your soil moisture sensor. This is an important next step that we recommend as different soil types will yield different measurements.

Step 18

Code to calibrate soil moisture sensor

Now that you have connected the kit with an Arduino, the 'moisture' threshold value found in the sketch above may need to be modified based on what values your sensor outputs when the sensor is completely dry, compared to when the sensor is completely submerged in water.
Copy this code and upload it to your Arduino to get analog readings for calibration

Conduct a test using a bowl of water. Make note of the analog value when the probes are not in water. Submerge it in a shallow glass of water, and watch the analog value drop

Conduct another test, this time using soil. Get measurements when the soil is completely dry.

Do the same when the soil has been watered, but be careful not to over-water it.

View the readings in the Serial Monitor in the Arduino IDE by clicking on Tools > Serial Monitor

The more water content in the soil, the lower the analog measurements will be.

Step 19

Stand-alone circuit

Follow these steps to connect the automatic plant watering kit without an Arduino. First, connect 2x F-F jumper wires from the soil moisture sensor probe to its comparison module.

Next, connect DO pin on the comparison module to IN pin on relay.

Connect VCC pin on comparison module to breadboard's positive power rail. Use a M-F jumper wire.

Connect GND pin on comparison module to breadboard's negative power rail. Use another M-F jumper wire.

For the battery enclosure, connect its black wire to breadboard's negative power rail

Connect red wire of battery enclosure to breadboard's positive power rai

For the relay, connect VCC pin to breadboard's positive power rail

Connect GND pin on relay to breadboard's negative power rai

Connect the relay's COM pin to positive power rail on the breadboard.

You may need to use a screwdriver to loosen the holding before plugging in the wire, and then tightening it again.

The mini water pump has two wires, connect its red wire to NC on relay

Likewise, you may need to use a screwdriver to insert the wire

Connect the mini water pump's black wire to negative power rail on breadboard.

Step 20

Soil moisture calibration (standalone)

Finally, to get useful measurements from the soil moisture sensor, it's time to calibrate it. We recommend calibrating it as different types of soil can affect the sensor readings differently.

If you have connected the kit as a stand-alone without an Arduino, you can calibrate the soil moisture sensor by turning the potentiometer found on the comparison module. Use a small jewelers phillips screwdriver.

Turn it clockwise to increase sensitivity,Turn it counterclockwise to decrease the sensitivity.

Step 21